THE ROLE OF INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY IN CARTOGRAPHY INSTRUCTION

(pp. 26 - 36)

Karen M. Trifonoff

Department of Geography and Earth Science

Bloomsburg University

Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania 

Abstract

Applied cartography courses that once centered on manual drafting are now focusing most of their interest on a rapidly changing and expanding computer technology. The focus of most courses is on communication and design principles that will lead to enhanced cartographic communication, regardless of the specific software or technology employed. Map design principles need to be expanded to include the interactive element that is possible with computer maps. Most often computer mapping involves the creation of output in the form of a printed map, so the advantages that are possible with the technology are not exploited. The role of technology in evolution of undergraduate cartography courses is examined in regard to technological developments. Suggestions for future directions that involve the use of interactive technology are outlined and a specific example, an electronic atlas of the anthracite region of Pennsylvania, is discussed. 

A COMPARISSON OF SUITABILITY MAPPING AND MULTIOBJECTIVE PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES FOR PERFROMING SPATIAL SEARCHES

(pp. 37 - 46)

Robert G. Cromley

Department of Geography

University of Connecticut

Mansfield, Connecticut

Abstract

Because the decision making methodologies found in geographic information systems and spatial decision support systems come from somewhat different analytical traditions, it is necessary to examine the underlying structure of suitability mapping and multiobjective programming techniques to determine how compatible these techniques are for solving classes of locational problems. Suitability mapping comes from a land use planning and a cartographic tradition and generally uses a tessellation data model. Its decision unit is a unit of space such as a grid cell. Multiobjective programming was developed in operations research and uses a vector data model to define its decision unit as an entity existing in space. While there are differences, some major similarities can be identified. Both techniques were developed to solve problems that have multiple, conflicting objectives. Objectives are handled differently, but both can use a scaling, weighting or prioritizing scheme to compress disparate objectives into single objective to be optimized. 

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND WATER RESOURCES: AN ASSESSMENT AND SURVEY OF APPLICATIONS

(pp. 47 - 62)

Kent B. Barnes

Department of Geography and Environmental Planning

Towson State University

Towson, Maryland

Abstract

Water resource applications of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have steadily increased over the past two decades. This paper highlights some uses of GIS in the study and management of water. A general overview of the functional requirements and characteristics of a comprehensive water resource GIS, GIS concepts, and use of GIS in water resource assessment and management is presented. Water resource applications of these systems are varied, innovative, and indicate an expanding and continuing role for GIS in this field.

MANAGING TIME AND MATERIALS IN A LARGE GIS PROJECT, USING GIS

(pp. 63 - 68)

Edward J. Delaney

University of Colorado at Colorado Springs

Colorado Springs, Colorado

Abstract

When GIS technology is integrated into large mapping projects in budget conscious organizations, the management of materials and time becomes an important issue. Recognizing the need for an accurate, convenient and practical materials and resource tracking system may come only after a project is well underway. This paper describes the importance of resource management within GIS projects. It then outlines a tracking system utilizing the capabilities of a GIS system in use, based on the experience of the City of Seattle's Parcel Conversion Project. The paper reflects an application employing the Arc/Info system, but concepts are readily transferable to other systems.

RESULTS OF A SURVEY ON MAP AND GIS USE BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN PENNSYLVANIA

(pp. 69 - 84)

Robert Sechrist

Department of Geography & Regional Planning

Indiana University of Pennsylvania

Indiana, Pennsylvania

A GIS METHODOLOGY FOR RADON ASSESSMENT IN LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

(pp. 85 - 99)

Charles Geiger

Department of Geography

Millersville University

Millersville, Pennsylvania

Kent Barnes

Department of Geography and Environmental Planning

Towson State University

Townson, Maryland

Abstract

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is the basis of an approach used to study radon, a radioactive gas recognized as a hazard in homes. The radon GIS organizes the survey data and augments the survey data with other spatial information. The GIS includes statistical methods which are appropriate for the data format and which accommodate data quality problems. The spatial perspective and analytical capabilities enabled by the GIS approach provide more information and more useful conclusions towards the aim of targeting houses at risk.