Vol. 21, No. 1/2, Spring 1983 - "Heritage and Scope of Geography"
PENNSYLVANIA'S RECENT POPULATION TRENDS BY RACE
(pp. 1 – 9)
George A. Schnell
The College of New Paltz
State University of New York
New Paltz, New York
Abstract
A recent demographic phenomenon described as the redistribution of population from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan areas--"population turnabout"-- has occurred throughout the United States. It is especially evident in the nine northeastern states, and is described by one observer as having occurred among Pennsylvania's minor civil divisions as early as 1960. The white majority is well represented by these findings, but what about the black inhabitants? In an earlier paper on black trends in Pennsylvania, cities were shown to have evolved as the foci of black growth and black-white trends were inversely associated, not surprising given the "white flight" from major cities to nearby metropolitan suburbs during the fifties and sixties. This paper, concerned with the racial aspects of the so-called "turnabout," describes black trends in Pennsylvania from 1970 to 1980, compares them to national trends, to earlier changes, and to the white population's distributional tendencies.
THE LOCATION OF AN OIL RECYCLING PLANT
(pp. 9 – 14)
Robert McNeill
John Benhart
Shippensburg State College
Shippensburg, Pennsylvania
Abstract
Geographers have been interested in Conservation and Industrial Geography for many years. The study of the spatial pattern of oil recycling plant locations fuses the industrial location process with conservation of a waste product - used oil.
THE PENNSYLVANIA BARN: A STUDY IN THE CONTINUITY OF FORM
(pp. 14 – 20)
Robert Ensminger
Kutztown State College
Kutztown, Pennsylvania
Abstract
The preservation of morphology through time and across considerable earth distance can often be demonstrated by examining vernacular architectural structures. Barns in particular tend to conserve their form and appearance. They are practical, functional structures. They resist the influence of changing styles which more easily infect the form of the residence as an expression of an ego needs of its inhabitants. Such liberties are not taken with the barn where form grows out of function; where loyalty to the form tradition may be deeply imbedded in the mind of a culture group and where change may come slowly in the conservation milieu of that group. In certain cases, the form of the barn will be retained even while functions change. The modification of the upper level hay mows of the Pennsylvania barn into tobacco drying areas in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania is a good example.
EARLY VIEWS OF PENNSYLVANIA AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY
(pp. 20 – 27)
James W. Vining
Western Illinois University
Macomb, Illinois
Abstract
When the first American geography textbook was published in 1784, a year before Benjamin Franklin became Governor of Pennsylvania and five years before George Washington became President of the United States, Pennsylvania was a very important state in several respects. Philadelphia was the seat of the federal government, the mining and manufacturing industries of Pennsylvania were already outstanding and the state's agriculture was nationally important. Most of the people of this state were farmers. This paper examines agriculture in Pennsylvania as viewed by the authors of geography books published in this country from the late eighteenth century until about the beginning of the U. S. Civil War.
(pp. 28 – 34)
L. A. Hoffman
University of Toledo
Toledo, Ohio
Abstract
Among the major changes in higher education since the mid 1960s has been a declining interest in broad generalist education, i.e., either medium-run (decade long) practicality, or long-term (professional lifetime) practicality, the types which are the main values of traditional Liberal Arts or high-quality professional education. Increasing interest is shown in the short-run (several years) types of practicality, which are the usual outcome of training quality experiences, those roughly similar to experiences obtained in apprenticeship programs outside the formal education system. The following generalizations are mainly from experiences in two Ohio universities (Ohio State and Toledo), check against comparable experiences of former graduate students and colleagues now at institutions in the northeast, south, and west.