Vol. 36, No. 2, Fall 1998- "The Pennsylvania Geographer "

THE FRAMEWORK OF THE STANDARDS: A HISTORY

OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION

Douglas A. Hurt

Department of Geography

University of Oklahoma

Abstract

The history of American geography education can be divided into four eras: the early development of geography and geography education, William Pattison's four traditions, the five fundamental themes, and the eighteen content standards in Geography for Life. Although past efforts at reform have not always had a lasting impact upon the educational community, by appreciating the past milestones in American geography education, an understanding of the current content standards can be gained This knowledge can then be used to promote geography and geography education during the current era, in order to ensure that a vital geography will be included in the curriculum of future generations of American students. Key to this success will be the acceptance of the voluntary content standards by local school districts, improved teacher education and training, and the continued coordination of geography educators—at all levels of American education.