Vol. 33, No. 2, Fall/Winter 1995- "North America"
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION
(pp. 3 - 22)
Yda Schreuder
Department of Geography
University of Delaware
Newark, Delaware
Maryann P. Feldman
Institute for Policy Studies
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
Abstract
This paper provides an examination of the historical circumstances that gave rise to the geographic concentration of the pharmaceutical industry in the Mid-Atlantic region. We offer an interpretation of the social and institutional context that promoted the growth and development of the industry in the region. Our focus in this paper is the development of the industry in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in both the Philadelphia and New York City region. We present the metaphor "pharmaceutical compound" as a way to describe the industry embedded within the region and to emphasize the resources and relationships that enabled firms located here to survive, adapt to change, and ultimately to grow into world-class corporations.
CONTEMPORARY IMAGES OF KANSAS AND ITS PEOPLE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
(pp. 23 - 42)
Benjamin Y. Dixon
Department of Geography
University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas
Abstract
This study demonstrates the importance of experiential perspectives in cognitive place research. Students from Shippensburg University (S. U.) of Pennsylvania and the University of Kansas (K. U.) were surveyed on their perceptions of Kansas. S. U. students were found to strongly associate Kansas with images of flat farmland and rural life, whereas K. U. students dominantly perceived their state in terms of friendliness and other cultural characteristics. In general, these images did not compare favorably with statistical information on the state's physical and cultural geography. An investigation into recent popular literature on Kansas revealed S. U. perceptions were supported by only a few magazine articles. Sharing similar experiences of the Wizard of Oz and Kansas with S. U. and K. U. students respectively yielded the most valuable insight into the origin of these images.
MANAGING VISITORS' ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN A SYSTEM OF SITES: A NETWORK APPROACH
(pp. 43 - 58)
James P. Lewandowski, Ph.D.
Department of Geography and Planning
West Chester University
West Chester, Pennsylvania
Suzan Phillips McLaughlin
Environmental Educator
Tyler Arboretum
Media, Pennsylvania
Abstract
Parks are places for humans and nature to coexist in harmony, but the impacts of recreational use are a threat to environmental preservation goals. Recreational use can degrade environments, often by reducing vegetative cover, changing species composition, compacting and eroding soils. The trails of Smedley Park, which runs 1.2 miles along the Crum Creek watershed in Delaware County near Media, Pennsylvania, pass through several areas with fragile environments. The construction of Interstate 476 divided the park. A cash donation was awarded as compensation, partly to fund a strategy for preserving the park's fragile environments. Strategies for preserving fragile environments often call for limiting visitors' recreational use of selected areas. This paper devises a strategy wherein specific connections are made in the Smedley Park trail system so as to encourage the movement of harmful agents among selected sites that are better able to withstand injurious activities than others. Network analysis is used to establish and evaluate this strategy. Network analysis is a tool for altering and assessing flows through a system of linked sites, or any selected part thereof. In the case of Smedley Park, network analysis is employed to change the efficiency of the trail system by more completely connecting sites having robust environments and reducing the relative potential for visitors' interaction with environmentally fragile sites. A paired samples t-test verifies that the strategy significantly alters visitors' movements.
(pp. 59 - 79)
Lynn R. Sprankle
Department of Geography
Kutztown University
Kutztown, Pennsylvania
Abstract
This paper examines the population characteristics of two former silver mining communities of eastern Nevada, Hamilton and Treasure City. Eastern Nevada was the site of a silver strike in the late 1860's that led to one of the most intense, but shortest-lived rushes in U.S. mining history. The residents of Hamilton and Treasure City, nearly 6000 in number, made up most of the White Pine Mining District. U.S. Census data from 1870 were used to examine the population characteristics of these people. They were found to be predominantly white, male, in their 30's, and cosmopolitan, being from every state in the union and 76 foreign countries. Although most of the men were miners, approximately 150 other occupations were represented in the two communities.
LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION AND CARTOGRAPHIC BIAS IN CRANBERRY TOWNSHIP, PENNSYLVANIA
(pp. 80 - 92)
Francis P. Boscoe
Kent State University
Kent, Ohio
David Prytherch
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
Abstract
The agricultural landscape of Pennsylvania continues to be under encroachment from medium-density residential and commercial construction. This has resulted in the creation of new landscape patterns, places, and place names. Correspondingly, old place names have fallen into disuse or obsolescence. Perhaps nowhere else in the state is this more evident than in Cranberry Township, Butler County. The fastest growing municipality in the state in 1994, Cranberry issued over 500 building permits. This paper examines the mapping of Cranberry for the purposes of exploring the relationship between the place names on maps and the place names currently used in the contemporary landscape. The authors find that maps are generally much more inclined to represent obsolete farm villages than elements of the present-day postmodernized landscape, and that more than mere cartographic lag is accountable for this. A variety of cartographic biases are discussed with respect to Cranberry.
CHANGING PATTERNS IN NEW YORK STATE'S AGRICULTURAL LAND USE: 1969-1992
(pp. 93 - 108)
Thomas A. Rumney
State University of New York-Plattsburgh
Plattsburgh, New York
Abstract
Since 1969 there has been a complex array of changes in agricultural land characteristics in the eastern United States, including New York state in the context of the greater area. Total farmland, cleared farmland, number of farms, and average farm size are important variables in such change. After a precipitous decline in the state's agriculture in the first half of the century, New York's farming industries are now finding a more stabilized, though still modestly declining, level of production and land holdings.